植物秸秆纤维素物理化学改性及其吸附机理研究

采用植物秸秆为原料，借助高压蒸汽闪爆技术、稀碱蒸煮等方法得到具有一定α-纤维素含量的秸秆基纤维素，在此基础上进行碱化、醚化和胺基亲核取代反应，制备出对Cu^2＋和Cd^2＋等重金属离子具有优良吸附性能的乙二胺螯合植物秸秆纤维素，并对其吸附机理进行研究。结果表明，用蒸汽闪爆物理方法可以纯化天然植物秸秆纤维素，制备的吸附材料对金属铜离子、镉离子吸附规律基本符合Freundlish等温吸附式，其等温式中lgC系数分别为0.997和1.159。     

日粮添加钛对山羊瘤胃消化代谢的影响

试验分２个系列研究了日粮中添加铁对山羊瘤胃消化代谢及日增重的影响。系列Ⅰ体内试验结果表明，日粮添加钛不影响瘤胃液ｐＨ值；试验期与对照期相比，瘤胃液氨氮浓度明显升高（Ｐ＜０．０５）；瘤胃液三氯醋酸沉淀蛋白、细菌蛋白及原虫蛋白的含量均显著提高（Ｐ＜０；０５）；添加钦后瘤胃液总挥发性脂肪酸增加，乙酸、丁酸降低，但差异均不显著（Ｐ＞０．０５），而丙酸显著增加（Ｐ＜０．０５），乙酸／丙酸值从对照期的３．１５降至试验期的２．３３（Ｐ＜０．０５），说明添加钛使瘤胃发酵类型趋于丙酸型。添加钛使血清尿素氮明显降低（Ｐ＜０．０５），但对血清总蛋白含量、血糖水平无明显影响（Ｐ＞０．０５）。添加钛能显著提高山羊日增重（Ｐ＜０．０５）。系列Ⅱ体外培养试验结果表明添加钛后人工瘤胃中细菌蛋白、原虫蛋白、氨氮浓度以及挥发性脂肪酸含量等项指标与系列Ⅰ体内试验结果基本一致。     

不同形态微肥对玉米的增产效果研究

采用大田与盆栽相结合的方法，研究了不同形成微肥对玉米的增产作用。结果表明，氨基酸螯合多元微肥可延长玉米根系和叶片的功能期，提高玉米植株的干物重，使玉米产量提高１２．９％～１４．３％。其作用不仅优于微量元素和稀土，又优于氨基酸与微量元素形成的螯合微肥。     

光催化氧化法降解微囊藻毒素研究进展

近年来蓝藻水华现象日益严重,甚至威胁了人类饮用水的安全。传统水处理技术对微囊藻毒素去除效果不明显,新型降解技术亟待研究。概述了光Fenton氧化法、二氧化钛系列光催化氧化法的特点和类型,研究其应用进展,并提出未来光催化氧化法降解微囊藻毒素的主要研究方向。     

Catalytic Performance of H3PW12O40-TiO2/bentonite in Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange

H3PW12O40Ti(OH)4 hydrogel was prepared by the sol-gel method, and then H3PW12O40TiO2/bentonite was prepared through the intercalation of H3PW12O40Ti(OH)4 into interlayer space. The characterization of XRD, SEM and EDS showed that H3PW12O40TiO2 species were successfully immobilized on bentonite, and the layer strucure of bentonite was changed. The discrete anatase TiO2 existed on the bentonite. H3PW12O40TiO2/bentonite was a composite material with the different particle size and th loose structure. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange showed that the photocatalytic activity of catalyst had been better by doping H3PW12O40, and the H3PW12O40/TiO2/bentonite had a wide applicable range of pH value. Moreover, H3PW12O40TiO2/bentonite had a good catalytic stability. Based on the results of characterization analysis and catalytic performance, the schematic procedure for the action mechanism of H3PW12O40TiO2/Bentonite in photocatalysis was presented.     

Treatment of a femoral fracture with a titanium locking compression plate distal femur (LCP‐DF) in a young donkey

A closed complete mid‐diaphyseal spiral fracture of the left femur in a one‐year‐old donkey was treated with a 4.5 mm titanium locking compression plate distal femur (LCP‐DF)¹. This plate was originally manufactured for human orthopaedics, primarily for femoral osteosynthesis. The LCP‐DF¹ has a distal head plate that was advantageous in this case because the distal fragment was smaller. Post operative radiographs showed optimal femoral reconstruction and a callus was present 3 weeks after surgery. The donkey was sound at the walk and trot 2 months after surgery. Radiographs taken 5 months after surgery showed stable implants and complete healing without complications.     

Phytotoxicity of cobalt,vanadium, titanium,silver, and chromium

Abstract

The phytotoxicity of five nonessential elements (Co, V, Ti, Ag, Cr) to higher plants was studied in solution culture experiments with bush beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L. C.V. Improved Tendergreen). All, but in varying degrees, tended to concentrate in roots with a decreasing gradient to stems and leaves. Cobalt was one of the more mobile of the five trace metals. Its toxicity was expressed as severe chlorosis; 43 (with 10^‐5 M) and 142 (with 10^‐4 M) μg Co/g dry weight in leaves resulted in severe chlorosis. Vanadium as 10^‐4 M vanadate resulted in smaller plants but not in chlorosis. Leaf, stem, and root V, respectively, were 13, 8, and 881 μg/g dry weight. Titanium was somewhat mobile with considerable yield decrease at 10^‐4 M; leaf, stem, and root Ti concentrations, respectively, were 202, 48, and 2420 μg/g. Symptoms were chlorosis, necrotic spots on leaves, and stunting. Silver was very lethal at 10^‐4 M AgNO₃; at 10^‐5 M yields were greatly decreased, but plants were grown without symptoms. Leaf, stem, and root concentrations of Ag for this treatment, respectively, were 5.8, 5.1, and 1760 μg/g dry weight. Plants grown with 10^‐5 N Cr₂O₇ were decreased in yield by about 25% with or without EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid) while the same level of Cr₂(SO₄)₃ was essentially without effect. For the two salts, the leaf, stem, root concentrations for Cr, respectively were 2.2 and 1.3, 0.7 and 0. 7, and 140 and 104 μg/g. Most of the trace metals studied here had interactions in the uptake and/or distribution of other elements.     

螯合剂对铀镉污染土壤中蚕豆幼苗生理特性影响

通过盆栽试验研究了在不同浓度EDTA、柠檬酸、草酸3种螯合剂作用下不同浓度铀镉复合污染（分别用W1、W2表示）对土壤中蚕豆（ViciafabaL.）幼苗体内叶绿素、丙二醛和细胞质膜透性的影响。结果表明,在所设的两个土壤污染浓度下,较高土壤污染浓度（W2）中植物受损伤程度高于较低土壤污染浓度（W1）中的植物受损伤程度,由此得出较高土壤污染浓度可能更有利于蚕豆对铀镉的吸收;蚕豆的整个生长过程中,对于叶绿素而言,在污染土壤中添加5mg.kg-1的草酸,对其含量影响最大,可能有利于促进蚕豆对土壤中铀和镉的吸收,添加2.5mg.kg-1的柠檬酸次之;对于丙二醛,向污染土壤中添加10mg.kg-1的草酸,对其含量影响最大,可能有利于蚕豆对土壤中铀和镉的吸收,添加2.5mg.kg-1的柠檬酸次之;在细胞质膜透性上,向土壤中添加5mg.kg-1草酸,对其含量影响最大,可能更有利于促进蚕豆吸收土壤中的铀和镉,而添加5mg.kg-1的柠檬酸次之。而EDTA在整个试验中都表现出了对植物较大的生物毒性。     

谷氨酸锌螯合物的制备及测定新方法

以谷氨酸和硫酸锌为原料,制备谷氨酸锌螯合物。用有机溶剂沉淀法,以螯合率为指标,筛选最佳螯合及分离提纯条件。结果表明,最佳螯合条件为:pH 6.5,螯合温度90℃,反应时间30 min;分离最佳条件为:将甲醇与螯合浓缩液按10∶1的比例混合提取谷氨酸锌螯合物,用20%的硫酸溶解该螯合物。试验证明,该条件下谷氨酸螯合锌螯合率可达80%以上。此外,定性试验结果均表明谷氨酸与硫酸锌发生了螯合反应。说明该试验条件下可制得稳定且具较高螯合率的谷氨酸锌产品。     

Research on TiO 2 Tiny Powders by Freeze drying

In this paper,the recent advance of the study on the method of freeze drying to produce tiny powders abroad is introduced.Meanwhile,the features of the study are reviewed.We try to produce TiO 2 tiny powder by this method,and try to find the optimal technology parameters(cooling rate,cooling medium),and produce some nanometer materials.